Mali
The Republic of Mali is situated in West Africa. The country has Algeria, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal along its borders. The capital city of Mali is Bamako. There are a number of important towns along the Niger river, which are vital for transportation, food and water supply. Other well-known cities are Djenne near Mopti and the world-famous Timbuktu.
There have been three great empires in the history of the country: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire and the Songhay Empire. The empires developed because of trade in gold and salt and other goods. Their control of the trade route across Sahara was finally broken by European traders. By the end of the nineteenth century, France annexed the country, and Mali joined French West Africa. Mali became a republic in 1960.
One of the poorest countries in the world, Mali survives on foreign aid. Although so little of the desert land area is arable, eighty percent of the working population works in agriculture and fishing. Crops cultivated are millet, rice, corn, vegetables and groundnuts. Cotton is grown and gold along with other minerals are mined for export. Livestock rearing is an important sector of the economy and provides profitable exports for Mali. The Niger and Senegal Rivers are also important food sources because of their fish stocks. Industries are construction and food processing.
French is the country's official language, though Bambara is the most spoken language. Other African languages and Arabic are also used. Islam is Mali's main religion.
Because food is procured from farming, fishing and rearing livestock, staple foods are millet, rice, sweet potatoes, plantains, beans and manioc along with freshwater fish from the River Niger. Herbal teas are popular.
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